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''Deroceras invadens'' is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Agriolimacidae. Until 2011, this widely distributed species was known as ''Deroceras panormitanum'', and earlier as ''Deroceras caruanae'' or ''Agriolimax caruanae'', but Reise et al. (2011) showed that these names refer to a distinct species of similar external appearance known at that time only from Sicily and Malta. Consequently, although the more widespread species was already well known, it then had to be redescribed under the new name of ''D. invadens''. This species is not listed in the IUCN red list – not evaluated (NE) 〔2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Cited 10 January 2008.〕 ==Description== Adults are usually 20–35 mm long.〔 The skin and flesh are watery and fairly transparent.〔 The colour of the skin varies between light greyish-brown to almost black. Close inspection reveals fine dark spotting usually over the whole body; this shows up better in alcohol-preserved specimens.〔 Often, but not always, the respiratory pore is pale and unspotted.〔 The mucus is colourless. Particularly in North America, some ''Deroceras laeve'' grow large enough that they closely resemble ''D. invadens''.〔 A useful clue to distinguish them is the profile of the end of the tail when the animal has been disturbed or is preserved.〔 The tail of ''D. invadens'' usually slants vertically upward from the sole for a short distance, or even bends backwards. The tail of ''D. laeve'' slopes forward above the sole. Also, the tail of ''D. invadens'' is longer than the mantle, whereas it is the same length or shorter in ''D. laeve''. Nevertheless, dissection is required to distinguish ''D. invadens'' reliably from ''D. laeve'' and from various similar ''Deroceras'' species occurring in Europe, such as ''Deroceras sturanyi'', the true ''Deroceras panormitanum'', and ''Deroceras golcheri''. Reise et al. (2011)〔 discuss and figure the most critical anatomical characters. In most populations of ''D. invadens'', the proximal penis has two side pockets (the penial caecum and penial lobe); these have roughly equal widths and both have rounded, stout ends. A prominent appending penial gland with 3–7 branches attaches between the caecum and lobe on the dorsal side; these branches are less knobbly in outline than those of ''D. panormitanum''. The penial retractor muscle attaches between the caecum and lobe on the ventral side. The intestinal caecum is either absent or represented merely by a widening of the rectum. Barker (1999)〔 and Sirgel (1973) detail various other aspects of the anatomy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Deroceras invadens」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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